Memorandum Opinion by Justice Goldstein, 05-24-01190-CR, January 30, 2026.
On appeal from the 199th Judicial District Court of Collin County, Texas.
Synopsis
The Court of Appeals affirmed a trial court’s decision to admit text messages containing specific location data, holding that communications between co-defendants made during the commission of a crime are admissible as non-hearsay co-conspirator statements. The court further determined that a mistrial is not warranted when a witness testifies to an address fragment that is intrinsically linked to the charged conduct, as such evidence does not constitute an inadmissible extraneous offense.
Relevance to Family Law
While Cardenas-Salinas is a criminal appeal involving organized crime, its evidentiary framework is a potent weapon for the high-conflict family law litigator. In cases involving coordinated parental alienation, the dissipation of community assets via third-party conduits, or “underground” custody interference, the ability to admit text threads between a spouse and a non-party co-conspirator is vital. This ruling reaffirms the breadth of the co-conspirator exception and provides a roadmap for admitting “contextual” digital logs that contain otherwise prejudicial data points, such as addresses or locations, by framing them as part of a “combination” of actors working toward a common illicit goal.
Case Summary
Fact Summary
Sergio Cardenas-Salinas pleaded guilty to engaging in organized criminal activity stemming from a series of habitational burglaries. During the punishment phase before a jury, the State sought to introduce transcripts of Spanish-language text messages (and their English translations) extracted from the appellant’s phone. These messages, exchanged with a co-defendant named in the indictment, contained various addresses and numerical fragments, such as “3307.” The appellant objected, arguing that these addresses represented “random” extraneous offenses for which there was no proof of criminal activity, thereby violating Rule 404(b) and creating unfair prejudice. The trial court initially sustained the objection as to full addresses unrelated to the charged offenses and ordered redactions. However, during testimony, a detective identified the fragment “3307” as a likely apartment number sent during the window of the charged offenses. Cardenas-Salinas moved for a mistrial, claiming the jury would infer that any address mentioned in the text logs was a “target” for burglary, effectively trying him for unproven crimes.
Issues Decided
- Whether the trial court abused its discretion by admitting co-conspirator text messages containing address data over hearsay and relevance objections.
- Whether the trial court erred in denying a motion for mistrial after a witness testified to a specific address fragment (“3307”) contained within the admitted text logs.
Rules Applied
The court applied Texas Rule of Evidence 801(e)(2)(E), which excludes from the definition of hearsay any statement offered against a party that was made by a co-conspirator during and in furtherance of the conspiracy. The court also analyzed the evidence under Rule 404(b), regarding extraneous offense evidence, and the high “abuse of discretion” standard required to overturn a trial court’s denial of a mistrial. This requires a showing that the error was so “highly prejudicial and incurable” that the expenditure of further time and expense would be wasteful.
Application
The legal narrative in this case centers on the distinction between “extraneous” conduct and “contextual” conduct. The court explored how the State established a foundation for the text messages as tools of a criminal “combination.” Because the messages were exchanged between the appellant and a co-defendant identified in the indictment, the court found they were logically admitted as non-hearsay. The appellant’s argument that the addresses were “random” and thus prejudicial was countered by the timing of the messages.
The court noted that the specific fragment “3307” was sent on the exact date of the offenses for which the appellant was being tried. Therefore, the testimony was not introducing a “new” or “extraneous” crime but was providing specific detail regarding the execution of the crime at hand. The court reasoned that when a statement is made during the “res gestae” of the offense—meaning it is part of the same transaction—it is not subject to the same exclusionary rigors as separate, unrelated bad acts.
Holding
The Court of Appeals held that the trial court did not err in admitting the text messages. The court reasoned that the statements were made by a co-conspirator during and in furtherance of the conspiracy to commit burglary, thus satisfying the requirements of Rule 801(e)(2)(E).
Furthermore, the court held that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying the motion for mistrial. Because the testimony regarding the apartment number “3307” related to conduct occurring during the time frame of the charged offense, it did not constitute inadmissible extraneous offense evidence, and any potential prejudice did not rise to the level of an incurable error.
Practical Application
For family law practitioners, this case serves as a precedent for admitting “coordination” evidence. If a Petitioner can allege a “combination” (e.g., a spouse and a paramour or a spouse and a grandparent working together to hide assets or interfere with possession), text messages between those third parties become admissible against the spouse.
Practitioners should use the “contextual” argument found in Cardenas-Salinas to resist redactions. If a text thread mentions a bank address or a specific hotel, and that message was sent during a period of alleged asset dissipation or a violation of a geographic restriction, the address is not an “extraneous” fact; it is part of the “transaction” of the breach of fiduciary duty or the violation of the court order.
Checklists
Admitting Third-Party Texts via Co-Conspirator Exception
- Identify the Combination: Ensure the third party is sufficiently linked to the respondent in your pleadings (e.g., alleging a “conspiracy” to breach fiduciary duty).
- Establish Timing: Verify the messages were sent during the alleged misconduct, not after the coordination ended.
- Argue Non-Hearsay: Frame the messages not as “truth” (e.g., that the parties were actually at the address) but as “act-of-coordination” evidence.
- Res Gestae: If an address is mentioned, tie it to the specific date of a known violation to avoid “extraneous offense” objections.
Defending Against “Digital Log” Dumping
- Request Redactions: Move to strike any addresses, phone numbers, or locations that do not correspond to the dates specifically alleged in the live pleadings.
- Prejudice Objection: Cite Rule 403 to argue that “random” addresses in a text log lead the trier of fact to speculate about unproven misconduct (the “target” theory used in Cardenas-Salinas).
- Demand a Nexus: Force the proponent of the evidence to testify to a direct link between the data point (e.g., “3307”) and the specific harm alleged.
Citation
Cardenas-Salinas v. State, No. 05-24-01190-CR (Tex. App.—Dallas Jan. 30, 2026, no pet. h.).
Full Opinion
Family Law Crossover
The “Organized Crime” framework is the ultimate weapon for proving the “Alienation Conspiracy.” In a custody battle, counsel can weaponize the Cardenas-Salinas holding by treating a parent’s “support network” as a co-conspiratorial combination. When a parent coordinates with a sibling or a new partner to violate a “Right of First Refusal” or to hide a child’s location, their text messages—previously thought to be protected hearsay—can be admitted in their entirety. By showing that the messages (even “random” fragments like addresses or times) were sent in furtherance of the interference, you bypass hearsay hurdles and force the respondent to explain the “context” of their coordinated movements. In property cases, this same tactic allows for the admission of text logs between a spouse and a business partner to prove “combination” in the fraudulent transfer of community property.
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